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A flag protocol (or flag code) is a set of rules and regulations for the display of within a country, including national, subnational, and foreign flags. Generally, flag protocols call for the national flag to be the most prominent flag (i.e, in the position of honor), flown highest and to its own right (the viewer's left) and for the flag to never touch the ground. Enforcement of flag protocols vary by nation, with some countries using flag protocols as recommendations and guidelines, while some countries enforce the violations of flag protocol with civil or criminal penalties.
In the case of foreign nations, the host country receives highest precedence, and other national flags are displayed in alphabetical order.4 U.S. Code § 7(g) This position of highest precedence is at the same height as other national flags; no nation’s flag should be displayed higher than that of another nation in times of peace.
The position of honor is centered or to the flag's own right (a viewer's left). When carried in single file (such as for Colour guard), the flag of honor leads.
When two poles are crossed, the position of honor is the flag that ends on the left side from the point of view of an observer (the pole will therefore end on the right). In a semicircle, the position of honor is the center. If a full circle is used outside an entrance, the position of honor is directly over the entrance. If used to line the walls of a room, the flag should be placed directly opposite the entrance. When placed with a podium or at a place of worship, the flag should hang directly behind or on a pole to the right of the speaker, from the point of view of the flag.
On a vehicle the flag should be put on a window or affixed securely to the front of the chassis, on the nearside of the vehicle, i.e. the one opposite the driver. (In other words, in countries that drive on the right hand side of the road, a flag is on the right of the vehicle.) On a vehicle where a visiting Head of State or Government is sharing a car with the host Head of State or Government, the host's flag takes the nearside position, the guest's flag on the offside.
When hung vertically, flags should be rotated so the canton is again closest to the top of the pole. If the flag is displayed against a wall, the canton should again appear in the upper-left corner, which requires that the flag be both rotated and "flipped" from its horizontal orientation.
With the rise of synthetic fabrics, Canada has recently revised its guidelines on the disposal of the national flag.
Insults to the national flag result in up to three years of imprisonment as punishment, or a fine, or both.
Official regulation states that the flag must never touch the ground or water, or be used as a drapery in any form.
Disposal of damaged flags is also covered by the flag code. Damaged or soiled flags may not be cast aside or disrespectfully destroyed; they have to be destroyed as a whole and in private, preferably by burning or by any other method consistent with the dignity of the flag.
The flag of Italy must also be displayed outside all schools of all levels, outside university complexes, outside the buildings that host the voting operations, outside the prefectures, police headquarters, Tribunal and outside the central post offices.
The flag of Italy must also be displayed on all public offices on the Tricolour Day (7 January), the Anniversary of the Lateran Treaty (11 February), the Anniversary of the Liberation (25 April), the Labour Day (1 May), the Europe Day (9 May), the Feast of the Italian Republic (2 June), the commemoration of the Four days of Naples (28 September), the feast of the patron saint of Italy (Francis of Assisi, 4 October), United Nations Day (24 October; here the tricolour must fly together with the flag of the United Nations) and National Unity and Armed Forces Day (4 November).
When displayed alongside other flags, the flag of Italy takes the position of honour; it is raised first and lowered last. Other should be arranged in alphabetical order. Where two (or more than three) flags appear together, the national flag should be placed to the right (left of the observer); in a display of three flags in line, the national flag occupies the central position. The European flag is also flown from government buildings on a daily basis. In the presence of a foreign visitor belonging to a member state, this takes precedence over the Italian flag. As a sign of mourning, flags flown externally shall be lowered to half-mast; two black ribbons may be attached to those otherwise displayed. The Rules of Protocol regarding national holidays and the use of the Italian flag Presidency of the Council of Ministers, Department of Protocol (retrieved 5 October 2008)
As a rule, no more than one flag can be applied to each flagpole.art. 9, comma 2, D.P.R. 7 aprile 2000, n. 121 An exception is the presidential standard, which is hoisted on the Torrino del Quirinale, under the tricolour, when the third pole is occupied by the flag of a host country. If there are three flagpoles available but only two flags to be displayed, the central flagpole must be left free and the order of importance of the flags must be respected.art. 2, comma 2, D.P.R. 7 aprile 2000, n. 121
For example, flags displayed on public buildings must appear, from the outside, in the following orders:
The law also regulates their dimensions: without prejudice to the proportions of 2:3, which must always be respected, the tricolor flags displayed inside the buildings must be 100x150 cm large, with the pole 250 cm long, while those that fly outside must be 2x3 m or 3x4.5 m, with the pole 4 or 8 m high depending on whether it is installed on a balcony respectively or on the ground. In the case of the presence of flags of other states, such as on the occasion of official visits by foreign personalities, the foreign banners must not be larger than the tricolour.
The tricolour flags displayed must always be in excellent condition, fully extended and must never touch water or land. In no case can figures and writings be written or printed on the cloth. Furthermore, the Italian flag can never be used as a simple drapery or as a fabric in common use (e.g. to cover tables or as curtains).
In the event of State funeral the banner can be raised at half-mast and two strips of black velvet can be affixed to the cloth; the latter are instead mandatoryart. 5, comma 2, D.P.R. 7 April 2000, n. 121 when the tricolour participates in funeral ceremonies. In public ceremonies, the tricolour must always parade first.art. 5, comma 1, D.P.R. 7 aprile 2000, n. 121
The flag must be folded according to the boundaries of the colour bands: first the red band and then the green band must be folded over the white one in order to leave only the latter two colours visible; only subsequently should it be folded further in order to completely cover the red and white with green—the only colour that must be visible at the time of the closure of the cloth.
The Department for Communities and Local Government in November 2012 released the Plain English guide to flying flags for England, a "summary of the new, more liberalised, controls over flag flying that were introduced on 12 October 2012". In England, the statute governing the flying of flags are The Town and Country Planning (Control of Advertisements) (England) (Amendment) Regulations 2007 and 2012.
The Union Jack as well as national flags of the constituent countries are flown at half mast on days of national mourning such as after the death of a sovereign. The only flag in the UK that never flies at half mast is the Royal Standard, the personal flag of the monarch. This is due to there never not being a monarch as when one dies another immediately ascends to the throne and thus the flag must be flown at full mast at all times over the residence, building, ship or car that the monarch is in.
The flag should be to the speaker's right (also described as the flag's own right or audience's left), that is to the left of the podium or pulpit as the speaker is facing the audience. Old guidelines had a distinction whether the flag was at the level of the speaker on a stage or the level of the audience. That distinction has been eliminated and the rule simplified.
When the flag is displayed at half-staff, it is customary to raise it briskly to the top the flag pole, then lower it slowly to the half-way mark. This is also done when lowering the flag. The flag is only displayed at half-staff by presidential decree or act of Congress, except on two days: On Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day, the flag can be displayed at half-staff until sundown; on Memorial Day, the flag is flown at half-staff until noon, and then raised to full staff for the remainder of the day.
When displaying the US flag, it is customary for it to be above a state's flag when flown on the same pole. When flown separately, a state's flag may be at the same height as the US flag, with the US flag to the left of the state flag, from the perspective of the viewer. When flown with several state flags, the US flag should be at the same height and to the flag's own right (viewer's left), or at the center of and higher than a grouping of state flags. The idea that only the Texas and Hawaii flags—having been the national flags of the Republic of Texas and the Kingdom of Hawaii—may be flown at an equal height to the US flag is a legend. In fact, any other flag may be flown at an equal height to the US flag provided the US flag is at the leftmost staff from the perspective of the viewer.
The flag of the United States is used to drape the coffins of deceased of the armed forces. When it is so used, the Union (white stars on blue background) is placed above the deceased's left shoulder.
According to United States Code found in Title 4, Chapter 1 pertaining to patriotic customs and observances:
These laws were supplemented by executive orders and presidential proclamations.
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